Look out, silicon. IBM has managed to create a computer chip based on newer carbon-nanotube technology with more than 10,000 transistors. While that's still a drop in the bucket compared to the billions of transistors on today's state-of-the-art silicon microprocessors, it's an important step in proving the viability of the new tech.
You may have heard of Moore's Law, which says that the number of transistors that can be put in a computer chip doubles every 18 months. That "law" has held true for four decades, successfully predicting the rapid evolution of computers and smartphones.
However, it's not a law like, say, Boyle's Law, which is an inviolable tenet of physics. Moore's Law is just a prediction, and it's about to collide with those real physical laws in the next few years as transistors approach the limit of how small they can get. What then?
IBM has an answer in the form of a relatively new technology: carbon nanotubes. Each tube is an atom thick, rolled up in a cylinder (one is shown above). Carbon nanotubes actually conduct electricity better than silicon, have the perfect shape to act as a transistor and, most importantly, can scale smaller.
However, they're also much harder to work with, which is why no one's pursued the tech until recently. They have to be aligned perfectly and metallic impurities, which naturally occur, must be completely removed.
IBM has met those challenges, however, not only creating a 10,000-transistor-strong processor based on carbon nanotubes, but doing it with standard semiconductor techniques. That means, should today's chipmakers end up switching to the technology, they wouldn't have to spend billions creating new tools and production facilities.