SAN FRANCISCO — Scientists have rediscovered a mostly intact World War II aircraft carrier used in atomic bomb tests and then sunk at a secret location off the Northern California coast decades ago.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration located and recorded video of the U.S.S. Independence as part of a mission to map an estimated 300 historic shipwrecks in the waters outside San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge.
Images captured by a remotely controlled miniature submarine provided by Boeing and fitted with a 3D-imaging sonar system, showed the Independence sitting upright about 30 miles off the coast near the Farallon Islands. A plane is visible in a hangar.
Boeing partnered with Coda Octopus, an underwater technology company, to fit its 18.5-foot-long underwater autonomous vehicle (UAV) with the 3D sonar system, called Echoscope. It calls the ethernet-enabled UAV, which weighs 10,500 pounds and can move at a maximum speed of six knots (six nautical miles per hour), the Echo Ranger.
The wreck is "amazingly intact," NOAA scientists said of the discovery.
The Independence operated in the Pacific during the war and served as a target ship for two Bikini Atoll atomic bomb tests in 1946 in the Marshall Islands.
"This ship fought a long, hard war in the Pacific, and after the war, was subjected to two atomic blasts that ripped through the ship," NOAA scientist James Delgado said.
"It is a reminder of the industrial might and skill of the "greatest generation' that sent not only this ship, but their loved ones to war."
Despite the damage incurred, the Independence continued to float. The Navy used the ship to study nuclear decontamination while it was moored in San Francisco.
The Navy towed the Independence out to sea in 1951 and scuttled it out of concern the damaged ship would sink near the city. The military branch kept the site of the ship's sinking secret.
The contamination poses little danger to public health because of the ship's isolation 2,600 feet underwater and 30 miles from the coast, scientists say. Neither the submarine nor tools used to examine the ship showed any signs of increased radiation, Delgado said.
Kai Vetter, a University of California, Berkeley, nuclear engineering professor, said the ship posed a serious risk to workers at the San Francisco shipyard where the ship was moored after the atomic tests.
"But the risk to the public now is extremely small," Vetter said. "Water is a very efficient shield."
