26,000 feet undersea, scientists find a ghostly predator

It dwells miles down, nearly freezing in perpetual darkness, equipped with numerous appendages to capture prey.

Deep Sea biologists found a new animal some 26,000 feet (7,902 meters) underwater in the ocean's "hadal zone," named for the Greek god of the underworld, Hades. These researchers lowered baited traps into the Atacama Trench off of Chile, and brought up four individuals of a species now called Dulcibella camanchaca.

"Dulcibella camanchaca is a fast-swimming predator that we named after 'darkness' in the languages of the peoples from the Andes region to signify the deep, dark ocean from where it predates," Johanna Weston, a hadal ecologist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution who coauthored the discovery, said in a statement.

In the hadal zone, the deepest ocean realm, many critters depend on food sinking down from the more productive waters above. But Dulcibella camanchaca isn't a scavenger. The four-centimeter (1.5-inch) crustacean (an arthropod with a hard shell like a crab) captures smaller hadal crustaceans.

"This finding underlines the importance of continued deep-ocean exploration, particularly in Chile’s front yard," Carolina González, a researcher at the Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía who analyzed the species' DNA, said. "More discoveries are expected as we continue to study the Atacama Trench."

The research has been published in the science journal Systematics and Biodiversity.

The location of the Dulcibella camanchaca discovery in the Atacama Trench. Credit: Johanna Weston / Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

An illustration of the predatory Dulcibella camanchaca and its "raptorial appendages." Credit: Johanna Weston / Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Even in the deepest ocean, predators can flourish, such as a snailfish spotted at 27,349 feet (8,336 meters) down — the deepest fish ever observed. They are flabby, jelly-like fish that binge eat when they spot hadal prey, such as crustaceans.

Ocean research organizations are now vigilantly documenting and mapping the deep sea. Scientists want to shine a light — literally and figuratively — on what's down there. The implications of knowing are incalculable, particularly as deep sea mineral prospectors prepare to run tank-like industrial equipment across parts of the seafloor. For example, research expeditions have found that ocean life carries great potential for novel medicines. "Systematic searches for new drugs have shown that marine invertebrates produce more antibiotic, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory substances than any group of terrestrial organisms," notes the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.